![]() While one overflight at 65 decibels may not bother you, 10 overflights in 30 minutes is another story. The FAA has traditionally used a decibel threshold, but recent research suggests that measuring the frequency of noise events is a more accurate metric of human annoyance, stress and resulting health consequences. Scata announced that the FAA is open to considering additional metrics to measure noise levels and reassess thresholds, including modifying the level at which the FAA considers noise to be “normally compatible” or of “insignificant impact.”Ī key question is how to measure the impact of aircraft noise on residents and communities. He noted the significant noise impact on “flight corridor communities” and that the FAA’s recent Neighborhood Environmental Survey reported a significant increase in reported annoyance complaints. He acknowledged that the FAA received many more noise complaints after it rolled out the NextGen concentrated flight paths nationwide. This is an update on recent developments regarding the efforts to reduce commercial jet noise over impacted San Diego communities.ĭon Scata, the FAA’s director of noise research and policy, gave the keynote address at the recent Air Noise and Emissions Symposium in April. ![]() We can achieve better results working together as a community. We urge all affected areas of San Diego to submit comments by the July 31 deadline and that the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority sponsor and facilitate round-table meetings to encourage a unified voice from San Diego. ![]() Quiet Skies La Jolla will be providing comments on the Noise Policy Review. The FAA held four webinars during May via Zoom, and, again, the public comment period closes July 31.įor more information, visit faa.gov/noisepolicyreview.
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![]() Bach, Mozart, and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons, of which he was a frequent guest. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Chopin's major piano works include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, the instrumental ballade (which Chopin created as an instrumental genre), études, impromptus, scherzi, preludes, and sonatas, some published only posthumously. ![]() His piano pieces are technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. They are mostly for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, some chamber music, and 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. ![]() ![]() He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis.Īll of Chopin's compositions include the piano. For most of his life, Chopin was in poor health. In his final years, he was supported financially by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. A brief and unhappy visit to Mallorca with Sand in 1838–39 would prove one of his most productive periods of composition. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann.Īfter a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska from 1836 to 1837, he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Aurore Dupin (known by her pen name George Sand). He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano lessons, for which he was in high demand. Thereafter – in the last 18 years of his life – he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. Ĭhopin was born in Żelazowa Wola in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation". The music may look “atonal” in places, but the ear will recognize the charged harmonic fluctuations as the ones the heart already knows and wants to hear.Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period, who wrote primarily for solo piano. In this transcription, once the central modulation from Db Major to C# Minor is taken care of enharmonically by carrying through the key signature of five flats to the end, there are no more serious obstacles to performing it on the harp that is the necessary “infringement” of the rules. His unique sentimental expression could be derived from habits such as dwelling on the dissonant note of appoggiaturas, moving between major and minor modes or, as illustrated in this particular prelude, lingering in a “harmonic daydream” upon repeated notes and chords, acting as a hypnotic drone. Chopin’s “accompanied melody” style bears close resemblance to Bellini’s cavatina. The fifteenth in a collection of preludes written in each of the 24 keys in imitation of Bach, this Prelude was considered “the most important and most highly finished of them all” by the French pianist Alfred Cortot, in his practice edition. Thus we must resort to transcriptions, if we can’t live without certain composers and pieces. As harpists, we sometimes miss the famous classics of the repertoire, since most of the great composers did not write for us. are habitat generalists (they can live in many kinds of habitats, and some species have behaviors that allow them to escape freezing temperatures).grow rapidly to a large size (some individuals of these species surpass 20 ft in length and weigh more than 200 lbs).Giant constrictors share a number of additional traits that either increase the severity of likely ecological impacts or confound control and eradication efforts. ![]() They are also more likely to cause the extinction of at-risk species, since they can thrive on alternate prey as they drive the vulnerable prey to extinction. Generalist predators, such as all of the giant snakes, are considered to be a greater threat as invaders: no matter where they find themselves, they are likely to locate suitable prey. Giant constrictors have the potential to appreciably alter the natural communities of life in south Florida and beyond, possibly including large portions of the continental United States and most insular states and territories. Other feral species of giant constrictor snakes also have been sighted or caught in the wild in Florida (see box). Free-ranging individuals of several additional species of non-native giant constrictors (which include anacondas, pythons, and boas) are regularly discovered in various parts of the United States, including a 95-pound boa constrictor recently captured on No Name Key in the Florida Keys after being on the loose for several years, the shed skin from a large Burmese python in extreme southern California, and a yellow anaconda ( Eunectes notaeus) from Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. Boa constrictors ( Boa constrictor) are known to be established in south Florida, and recent evidence suggests that a reproducing population of northern African pythons ( Python sebae) exists there as well. A population of Burmese pythons expanding from Everglades National Park is conservatively estimated to number in the thousands 1. The best-documented case of an invasive constrictor snake in Florida is that of the Burmese python ( Python molurus bivittatus). These snakes constitute an exceptional threat to the integrity of native ecosystems in Florida and similar environments in which they now thrive. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), FORT scientists Robert Reed and his team are investigating the ecology and control of giant constrictors in Florida. Because eradication on Guam is largely infeasible given available control tools, the brown treesnake is now the subject of efforts to prevent its spread to, and colonization of, other Pacific islands including Hawaii.Īt the request of the National Park Service (NPS) and the U.S. Lost power sales due to snake-caused power outages can total more than $1 million per year, and this figure does not include economic damages due to impacts on business and tourism, poultry production, loss of pets, and bites to humans. This snake has caused the extirpation of 10 native species of songbirds and several species of lizards and bats on the island. ![]() For more than 20 years, they have been involved with the invasive brown treesnake ( Boiga irregularis) on the island of Guam. USGS Photo.įort Collins Science Center (FORT) scientists are intimately familiar with snake invasion research and prevention. An Everglades Park ranger holds a Burmese Python by the tail. ![]() ![]() Distributions are subject to a mandatory 20% federal tax withholding, except for Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs), hardship withdrawals, and direct rollovers. Withdrawals before age 59½ may be subject to a 10% penalty. You must have a triggering event-generally either termination of employment or retirement-to take a distribution. What are the rules for withdrawing from this account? You'll need to file IRS Form 5500 annually when your plan assets reach or exceed $250,000. What do I need to know about administering this plan? Profit -sharing contribution are due by the business’s tax-filing deadline (plus extensions). Salary deferrals generally should be made by the end of the business tax year, unincorporated business owners should review with their tax advisor for additional information. Starting with 2020 tax years, employers may establish an Individual 401(k) by their tax return due date, plus extensions. When should I establish and fund my plan? ![]() In total, your maximum combined contribution, including salary deferral, cannot exceed $61,000 for tax year 2022 and $66,000 for tax year 2023 ($67,5 and $73,5 if age 50 or older). You can also make profit sharing contributions up to 25% of compensation (20% if you're self-employed 4) or $61,000 for tax year 2022 or $66,000 for tax year 2023, whichever is less. You can make a pre-tax salary deferral up to $20,5 and $22,5 ($27,0 and $30,0 if age 50 or older). Individual 401(k) plans do not need to be funded annually. Vesting is immediate, and participants can direct how contributions are invested. Plan accounts are funded with a combination of salary deferrals and annual profit-sharing contributions. How is an Individual 401(k) account funded? Earnings grow tax-deferred and assets are not taxed until they are withdrawn in retirement. What are the tax advantages of an Individual 401(k) plan?Ĭontributions to an Individual 401(k) plan are tax-deductible. You must have a minimum 5% business share to be eligible. Get detailed instructions in Establish Your Plan, or call us at 86if you have questions.Īn Individual 401(k) plan is available to self-employed individuals and business owners, including sole proprietors, corporations, partnerships, and tax-exempt organizations with no employees other than a spouse. How do I establish an Individual 401(k) plan? If you have a specific question that’s not answered here, please call us at 86. Have questions about our Individual 401(k) plan? Here are responses to some of the most common questions we hear.
In the Vietnam War, the Americans had the idea of replacing the rope with a line of fire and the gunship was born. This fighter plane that is manufactured by Lockheed and Boeing is operated by the United States Air Force Special Operations. The history of the AC-130’s date back as late as Vietnam/Laos and have become a huge part of our combat. They then hauled up casualties the same way. The AC-130 Spectre Gunship, AKA Hell in the Sky, is known to be the US Military’s ultimate combat aircraft. The planes could not land in the jungle, so flew tight orbits over a clearing and lowered supplies on a rope. Watch the AC-130 Gunship in Action - Firing all its cannons. They used small fixed-wing aircraft for supply and evacuation. This side-firing strategy grew out of a technique developed by the British Chindits in Burma in WW2. If you put them on the belly, you'd have to then aim them to the side - as far as they would go. FAS.org: AC-130H Spectre/AC-130U Spooky (. The last AC-130U was flown to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, June 26, 2020, for retirement. These heavily armed aircraft incorporate side-firing weapons integrated with. The AC-130H Spectre gunships were fielded in 1972 and retired in 2015. If you do this, you automatically present the side of the aircraft to the target, so it's the natural place to position your guns. All gunships evolved from the first operational gunship, the AC-47, to the AC-119, and then the AC-130A which was the basis for the modern C-130 Hercules gunship. (Photo Credit: Fly-by-Owen/ Wikimedia Commons) By 1969, the Ac-47s were beginning to show extreme wear and tear. To do this you have to bank the aircraft (i.e., tilt it on its side). Photo of an AC-47 Spooky firing its 7.62 mm miniguns, circa 1968. ![]() The only way to get a fixed-wing aircraft to loiter over a particular spot is for it to fly in a circle. An AC-130H Spectre in-flight with its guns visible. I think you've got this the wrong way round - you don't fly in circles because the guns are on the side the guns are on the side because you have to fly in circles. Emerald Warrior 2012 Outstanding footage shot through the gun camera of a AC-130 Gunship over Afghanistan. The AC-130 Spectre Gunship, AKA Hell in the Sky, is known to be the US Military’s ultimate combat aircraft. Application of this idea gives possibility to fire the enemy simultaneously from both sides of fuselage as well as directly from under the plane, which makes. ![]() Like, things that we had hoped we were doing over two years, we’re literally going to be doing in six months but that’s okay because we worked through some challenges. I feel like we’re gonna see a significant jump in the next four months. That doesn’t mean all of them will be operational by then, but we should have all of the cameras out on the streets. I’m hoping that for the expansion we have planned that we are going to have all the cameras installed by the end of this summer. We feel like we’ve overcome some of those barriers. I think everyone’s going to start to seeing significantly more cameras on the street this summer. “I would say things are getting better… All the things you mentioned - procurement, contractor issues, siting issues - all those are real. But once recent legislation has gone through some of the logjam on that side of the problem has been resolved, so I’m just curious for an update.” “I’m really curious on what the status is on the speed cameras systems…I feel like what I just keep hearing is, ‘Oh, it’s procurement. Listen to the full audio (or the edited text) below: When BBAC member Josh Roll asked PBOT Traffic Safety Section Manager Dana Dickman for an update on the camera rollout, she gave the most thorough and candid response on this topic I’ve ever heard from a city staffer. With frustrations over record traffic deaths, falling cycling rates (due in large part to fear of dangerous drivers), and a “revenue crisis” gripping PBOT (more on that later), it wasn’t a surprise when a member of the PBOT Bureau Budget Advisory Committee (BBAC) brought up the lack of progress on traffic cameras at their monthly meeting last night. Regardless of the reasons, Portland has only installed nine cameras at five intersections in the past eight years.īut there’s reason for optimism! Not only did PBOT Commissioner Mingus Mapps recently promise to double the number of cameras currently in use in the next year, but a high-level PBOT staffer revealed at a meeting Thursday that cameras will be coming to new locations including 82nd Avenue and Powell Blvd. Fingers have been pointed at a problematic vendor, camera procurement problems, technical (electrical) issues, the bottleneck caused by the Portland Police Bureau’s involvement (an issue that is behind us thanks to recently passed legislation), and as we reported via a city audit in 2015 a lack of cross-bureau coordination might share also some of the blame. But a variety of factors has led to a maddening lack of implementation. Since the first one was installed in 2016, they’ve worked very well. I’m talking about automated traffic cameras, or what the Portland Bureau of Transportation refers to as “speed safety cameras.” One of the most frustrating things about Portland’s current traffic culture crisis is that we have a proven tool that would go a long way toward fixing it, yet the City of Portland has been extremely slow to use it. “I think everyone’s going to start to seeing significantly more cameras on the street this summer.” – Dana Dickman, PBOT Traffic Safety Section manager |
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